Orthopedics Sprains & Strains Strain Vs. Sprain Confused on how a strain differs from a sprain? By Laura Inverarity, DO | Reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD Updated July 31, 2017 Share Pin Email Print Steve Debenport/E+/Getty Images More in Orthopedics Sprains & Strains Fractures & Broken Bones Osteoporosis Sports Injuries Physical Therapy Orthopedic Surgery Shoulder & Elbow Hip & Knee Hand & Wrist Leg, Foot & Ankle Assistive Devices & Orthotics Medication & Injections Pediatric Orthopedics View All Many patients with injruies get confused abou the difference between strain and sprain. Your physical therapist can show you the difference between what a sprain and a strain is.Strains are injuries that affect muscles or tendons, thick bands that attach muscles to bones. They occur in response to a quick tear, twist, or pull of the muscle. Strains are an acute type of injury that results from overstretching or over contraction. Pain, weakness, and muscle spasms are common symptoms experienced after a strain occurs.What Causes Strains?Muscle strains are caused by high velocity forces acting against a muscle. A sudden motion may cause your muscle to quickly overstretch and then contract forcefully, leading to mild or severe tearing of the muscle tissue. Sometimes, but not always, bruising may be present if you strain a muscle.How can you tell if you have strained a muscle? Typically, the muscle you strain will hurt when you try to contract it. For example, if you strain your hamstring, you will likely feel pain when you try to use the hamstring muscle to bend your knee. Overstretching a muscle that has suffered an acute strain may also cause pain. Stretching your hamstrings in the days following a hamstring muscle strain will likely be painful, indicating that your muscle is strained.Muscle Strain Severity GradesThere are different grades of muscle strains, ranging from grade I to grade III. Grade I muscle strains indicate that the muscle tissue is simply overstretched.Grade II muscle strains occur when the muscle tissue is partially torn.Grade III strains are full thickness tears through the muscle tissue. These typically are considered severe and are accompanied by significant pain, swelling, bruising, and functional mobility loss. If your doctor or PT determines that you have a muscle strain, he or she may consider obtaining diagnostic images like an MRI to determine the full nature of the injury.Treatment for Muscle StrainsInitial treatment for a muscle strain is rest. Your must let the tissues heal, and that takes time to build the collagen bridges and scar tissue that will one day become healthy muscle tissue. Depending on the severity of the strain, your rest period may be from one week to 4 or 6 weeks.Once some healing has taken place, you may benefit from PT exercises to start to gently stretch the injured muscle tissue. This helps it become healthy, pliable tissue again. You PT can show you the best stretches for your specific condition.Strengthening exercises may also be performed to start to rebuild muscle tissue near the strain area. Exercises should be started gently and gradually progressed. Your goal is to improve the force generating capacity of your injured muscle so you can return to your previous level of function.Muscle strains typically heal completely in about 6 to 8 weeks. Severe strains may take longer, and minor strains may be healed in just a few weeks. Again, follow the advice of your doctor or physical therapist to be sure you do the right treatment for your muscle strain. Ligament SprainsSprains are injuries that affect ligaments, thick bands of cartilage that attach bone to bone. They occur in response to a stretch or tear of a ligament. Sprains are an acute type of injury that results from trauma such as a fall or outside force that displaces the surrounding joint from its normal alignment. Sprains can range from a mild ligamentous stretch to a complete tear. Bruising, swelling, instability, and painful movement are common symptoms experienced after a sprain occurs.LIgament Sprain Severity GradesLigament sprains grading follows along similarly to muscle strain grades. Grade I: the ligament is simply overstretchedGrade II: the ligament is partially tornGrade III: the ligament is completely tornLigaments sprains are typically accompanied by excessive motion around the joint that is supported by the ligament. Many special tests, like the anterior drawer test for the ACL, rely on pulling on your joint to test if excessive mobility is present. An MRI is typically necessary to determine if a sprain or strain is a grade I, II, or III.Physical Therapy for a Ligament SprainIf you have a ligament sprain, you may benefit from physical therapy to help you fully recover. Your physical therapist will use various techniques to improve your pain, swelling, and overall range of motion and strength around the area where your ligament is sprained.Performing strengthening exercises to help support the joint where the ligament is injured may be necessary. Sometimes, bracing is needed while your ligament is healing and if you are planning on returning to high level sports. For severe grade III sprains, surgery may be necessary to stabilize your injury and to allow you to get back to normal activity.A Word from VerywellIf you are having pain or limited mobility after an injury, you should visit your doctor and physical therapist to determine if a sprain or strain may be the cause of your condition. Understanding the difference between a sprain and a strain can ensure that you have the correct diagnosis for your condition. This can help guide the correct treatment. Working closely with your PT can help you return to your previous level of activity.Edited by Brett Sears, PT. Continue Reading